Legal and regulatory environment

Is the belief in God rational? Essay

â€Å"The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God† (Psalm 14:1, KJV ) â€Å" He that believeth on me, as the sacred writing hath stated, out of his tummy will stream waterways of living water† (John 7:38, KJV) according to Holy Bible, before all else, when there was no structure, God had labored for six days in making paradise and earth, â€Å"God saw everything that he had made, and view, it was very good† (Genesis 1:31 KJV). On seventh day, God finished his work and took rest. The very presence of earth, sun, moon, sky and stars are the likenesses of God’s work which are working without the mediation of human science which delivers a reality there is a powerful quality of soul past the acknowledgment of human information and comprehension. Tolerating the way that who have faith in God is a theist and a non-devotee is a nonbeliever, each must have own defense of epistemic convictions or non-convictions on God with strong contentions, independent of religion whether it is Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam or Christianity. Theists are crucial devotees on God and nonbelievers make logical inferences and clarifications that God is pointless. Buddhism and Hinduism have an interesting personality in clarifying about skepticism and furthermore about the sanity about faith in God thus additionally the religion of Islam. Christianity as a religion, engenders Jesus Christ as God with a solid proof of void tomb and furthermore taking the proof of supernatural occurrences performed and lessons cited in four accounts of New Testament. As per Apostle Paul Jesus was â€Å" announced the child of God with power by the revival from the dead†. (Romans 1:4). The above closes a feeling that God is a preeminent being who is supreme and ubiquitous, maker and leader of the entire universe for Christianity sacred writings are the evidence of God. Conviction or non-conviction on God depends on an individual educational encounters and the collaboration with internal soul and God. A view at Old Testament of Holy Bible uncovers a portion of the realities that God communicated with Adam, Eve, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Moses was instructed by God to partition the red ocean and to lead the Israel out of subjugation from Pharaoh. The objectivity behind the abovementioned, produces a solid proof that the nearness of God consistently encompasses the earth and this extraordinary power controls the whole universe. This is a reality for the individuals who accept and who tune in to the voice of God. As indicated by the Holy Bible, the seed of mistrust on the presence of God is as a matter of fact detestable power which changes the human personalities who lose control into material realities of the world and become the reason for self-fall. End Belief on God is acceptable and is levelheaded, as it is expressed in Psalms â€Å"The dread of the Lord is the start of wisdom†. Human information, improvement and insight are the endowments of God who is an exemplification of consideration, leniency and knowledge. On the off chance that King Solomon requested knowledge to lead realm, Moses requested precision in discourse to speak with individuals, each as per the needs and wants, were offered blessings by God. This was made conceivable just by God and for adherents the historical backdrop of past wonders of God is the sacred goal to convey and proceed onward. Reference Gregory Kouki (2001), It is sane to have confidence in God? Gotten to on 21 February, 2007

Get Free Self Concept Essay Samples

Get Free Self Concept Essay SamplesThere are many sites that offer free self concept essay samples for students. Most of these sites require the student to fill out a form for the free writing samples. Not everyone will get the same writing samples, so it is important to read the rules and regulations before you sign up.Some sites ask the student to submit a first draft or to write a second draft for their free writing samples. Not all sites allow students to edit or rewrite their work for free. These sites usually have an application fee.Most sites offer individual essays in a variety of categories. Students can write a short personal essay, a report essay, and a thesis or dissertation topic essay. Some sites offer only topic essays.Students should know that the essay sample that they are given is not necessarily the one that they would submit if they wrote a short essay for school. The essay sample is often based on the class curriculum. Many students find that this means that the sample is biased and does not represent their true writing abilities.If you want to get your free topic essay, then you should try to write it in a way that is similar to what the professor asks. For example, if the professor asked you to research and write about the history of native Americans in the United States, then you might want to start by researching and writing about the history of native Americans in the United States. As you write your essay, you may be tempted to copy the style and structure of a real professor's lecture but this can cause your essay to turn into a review of the student's writing skills rather than a review of the material.When writing your essay, keep in mind that whatever your professor's ideas, they are just that. They are his or her opinions. You do not have to agree with them, only acknowledge them as valid.Students can look at these essays that are available online and read the different parts. This will help them to understand what the assignment is and what they are expected to do. Then they can decide whether or not to read the other essays that have been submitted.Students who are really interested in getting better at writing should read essays from a wide variety of teachers and professors. They should be able to learn how to be critical of other writers and how to write about different subjects. Taking this advice will allow students to learn as much as possible about the writing process and the various topics that they might be asked to write about.

The Power Of The Zoot By Luis Alvarez - 1293 Words

In the power of the Zoot, Luis Alvarez investigates the multiple meanings of the immensely popular zoot suit culture during world war two (Alvarez, p. 2). The youth were extremely influenced by the zoot suit. The zoot suit gave minorities a sense of belonging. Throughout this book, the author discusses race, gender roles, generation differences, dignity, and national belonging/violence during world war two. Part one of this book â€Å"Dignity Denied: Youth in the Early War Years†, discusses the political and economic context of the United States in the early 1940’s, when the zoot suit style grew popular (Alvarez, p. 10). During world war two, many African and Mexican Americans contributed to the war effort, because they thought it was what they needed to do in order to improve their standard of living. African Americans and Mexican Americans even fought in the war. However they were still excluded from feelings of patriotism and national belonging because of their race. Even though they were essential in the war effort, they were still being discriminated against. They were expected to join the military and protect a country that failed to acknowledge their civil rights at home (Alvarez, p. 239). African Americans and Mexican Americans were being denied equal membership in U.S society. This race discrimination denied dignity to those who were minorities. For minorities there was everyday discrimination in restaurants, public services, housing and education (Alvarez, p. 18). BothShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPerception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change

Essay Military Women Should NOT Be Allowed in Combat...

The prospect of women in ground combat or on the front-line in the military has proven to be a controversial issue throughout decades of war. This controversy stems from criticisms such as women’s physicality versus men’s, the association of sexual-related situations within the military, and a history of failed gender-integration training. The bottom line, however, is that women should not be allowed in front-line or ground combat unless they are willing and capable of meeting the same standards of testing as men. Basic differences in the physicality of men and women are one of the key aspects of why a woman’s combatitive role in the military is questioned. Many of the differences between men and women’s training in military roles are†¦show more content†¦If this is the case, then, with regards to lower physical standards in combat training, how is it safe to allow female soldiers into the same dangerous environment as men? The argument of lower s tandards in testing is only brought into question because women are being used in ground combat and on the front-line, despite the fact that it is the law that only men be put in these roles. Only a select few countries allow women in ground-combat situations, seen in the statement that â€Å"Australia is the latest nation to lift all restrictions on the positions in which women can serve in the armed forces, joining Canada, New Zealand, and Israel† (Gajewski, 2011). Many military officials have found ways to circumvent this law, and have placed women in these roles with the thoughts that it could be beneficial. The loopholes in this law should be patched for safety purposes and fought in a different manner if need be. If this is an issue that many are willing to overlook, then it should be also be possible for the law to change. Women who wish to be a part of ground combat and the front-line should have the right if they choose to do so, but only once they have reached equal physical standards as the men who share their same position. Intuition of Equality and Women’s Rights are reasons that are used to argue for the side of women in combat, which basically states that women should be able to do what they please and are created equal to men.Show MoreRelatedIntegration of Women into the Armed Forces Essay2103 Words   |  9 Pages    Todays military includes women who train at boot camps, serve on warships and fly combat planes. Women currently represent fifteen percent of military personnel, and their presence is increasing among new recruits, up twenty-five percent in the A ir Force. Among officers and enlisted personnel, fifty five percent, or 107, 733 women report some form of sexual harassment. Recent accusations of sexual misconduct against drill sergeants at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, and a separate caseRead MoreSegregation and Discrimination in the United States Military During World War Two10166 Words   |  41 PagesSegregation and Discrimination in the United States Military during World War Two | | | | 5/3/2010 | | Segregation and Discrimination in the United States Military during World War Two Thesis: Although the U.S. military has been a leader in desegregation and in other social matters, during World War Two fear and prejudice keep many highly qualified people from serving. This weakened every branch of the military by limiting it to a less diverse and therefore less flexible fightingRead MoreHow Cryptography Is Defined As A Major Factor During Wars, And It Isn t Very Well Known3434 Words   |  14 Pagesthe mysterious profession that lives in the shadows of history. Espionage. Governments fear it, yet it is always a major factor during wars, and it isn’t very well known by the general public. Men and women throughout history who have fought in secret positions during wars, often placed into positions of great danger. Why were they willing to risk so much for their countries? Profit? Honor? Adrenaline? There are many aspects of the art of espionage, from the necessary grunt work of field agents toRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Page sSTRATEGY SAFARI A GUIDED TOURTHROUGH THE WILDS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT HENRY MINTZBERG BRUCE AHLSTRAND JOSEPH LAMPEL T H E FREE PRESS NEW YORK aJaiz. u.frmiu/i  «...* „.;i†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢/ . †¢ . . †¢. »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.. . .. †¢..†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.-.†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a/itiktSii^i THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Copyright  © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THERead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesand Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete yourRead MoreSecurity Forces51988 Words   |  208 PagesSECURITY FORCES APPRENTICE COURSE (SFAC) TECHNICAL TRAINING (TECH. TRNG.) STUDY GUIDE (SG) L3ABR3P031 0S1C BLOCK IV GROUND COMBAT SKILLS STUDY GUIDE Effective 17 February 2011 37 TRAINING WING 37 TRAINING GROUP 343 TRAINING SQUADRON LACKLAND AFB/ CAMP BULLIS â€Å"DOD Unclassified Controlled Nuclear Information (UCNI)† Designed for AETC Course Use, Not Intended For Use on the Job Opr: 343d Training Squadron/DORT DSN: 473-6008 SECURITY FORCES APPRENTICE COURSE (SFAC) TECHNICAL TRAININGRead MoreChallenges for Urban Local Governments in India46115 Words   |  185 Pagesor by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Working Paper or any part thereof should be sent to the author, and to the editor at the address below: Asia Research Centre (ARC) London School of Economics Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE www.lse.ac.uk/collections/asiaResearchCentre Abstract Urban localRead MoreMilitary Culture6972 Words   |  28 PagesNational psyche and traits being the most pronounced ones. Military culture , to a certain extent , is in harmony with the national culture, however, it has its own impulses and dynamics. It incorporates obedience that curtails individual freedom or at times it may be at tangent with the socio-cultural values of a society ; Military culture of British – Indian Army ,as inherited by us is a case in point here. Philosophy of our present military outlets draws strength from history , organisational infrastructureRead MoreEssay on the Role of Women in Ancient Greece14417 Words   |  58 Pages1007/s10101-009-0059-x ORIGINAL PAPER â€Å"Rulers ruled by women†: an economic analysis of the rise and fall of women’s rights in ancient Sparta Robert K. Fleck  · F. Andrew Hanssen Received: 10 January 2008 / Accepted: 27 May 2008 / Published online: 20 March 2009  © Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Until modern times, most women possessed relatively few formal rights. The women of ancient Sparta were a striking exception. Although they could not vote, Spartan women reportedly owned 40 percent of Sparta’s agriculturalRead MoreStartup/Seed Stage Investment by Venture Capital12291 Words   |  50 Pagesventures have few hard assets. Usury laws limit the interest banks can charge on loans and the risks inherent in startup/seed ventures justify higher rates than allowed by law. Usually, in return for financing one to five years of a company’s start-up, venture capitalists expect a ten-fold return of capital. Combined with the preferred position and stock options this is a very high cost on capital. This equity investment is like a loan with a 60%+ annual compound interest rate that cannot be prepaid

McCarthy Essay Example For Students

McCarthy Essay Throughout the early 1950’s, the nation was deeply engrossed in fears of a Communist takeover. At a time when America’s fears were at their very height, Joseph McCarthy, a Republican Senator from Wisconsin pushed America’s fears to an extreme. As a ploy to get himself re-elected, and to make America hate Communism as much as he did, the Senator devised a devious scheme. McCarthy, while giving a speech, held up a piece of paper and exclaimed, â€Å"I have here a list of 57 known Communists who are currently employed by the U.S. State Department† (Fried, 89). A few days later, McCarthy raised the number of people on the list from 57 to 205. The reaction to McCarthy’s announcement was absolute panic. Until that time, the nation had a sense of security. Now all peace of mind was lost, and America wanted these people that were on McCarthy’s so called â€Å"Blacklist† (Fried, 65). So began a long-term search by Congress to seek these individ uals. One group that was extensively looked at was Hollywood. By Joseph McCarthy abusing his powers, he not only destroyed many people’s lives, but he also wronged the American public. To begin with, the type of person that Joe McCarthy was must be considered. McCarthy was a hard-line Republican who played along strict party lines. By all considerations, he was an extremist or a reactionary. By holding a piece of paper, and saying that the enemy who everyone feared was so close, McCarthy diminished all thoughts that America was truly safe. The actual piece of paper was blank; McCarthy had no writing on the paper at all. He knew that by telling the people of the U.S. that the enemy was so close, he could finally see a war erected against Communism. He simply used the people’s ambitions and fears to make a mountain out of a molehill. Communism in America before McCarthy’s debacle was simply a buzzword. Everyone knew about it, but no one ever talked about it. The first knowledge many American’s had of Communism came from Winston Churchill’s â€Å"Iron Curtain Speech† (Matusow, 45). Churchill basically said in his speech that the Sovi et Union was pushing forward a global Communist takeover. And Churchill also said that he believed, â€Å"We should not let such a force loose on the planet† (Matusow, 46). That was the first time many American eyes were opened to Communism, and McCarthy made sure it was not the last. The entire chaos that Senator McCarthy caused had become collectively known as â€Å"The Red Scare† (Feuerlicht, 34). McCarthy used this entire â€Å"Red Scare† idea to boost his hopes for re-election. But an elected official is supposed to be a representative of the people. All McCarthy did was abuse his power and pull the wool over the people’s eyes. McCarthy did not work for the benefit of the people. He only worked for the benefit of himself. Next, the people whose lives McCarthy destroyed must be looked at. In the immediate aftermath of McCarthy’s speech came many accusations. America wanted the people that McCarthy said were on his list. But when asked for the list, McCarthy said he lost it, and he could not remember which individuals were on the list. But he said he did see some key Hollywood figures on it. That was when the focus shifted to all of Hollywood. If anyone thought that an actor or actress seemed suspicious, they would simply start gossip about them. Eventually, the special Congressional committee appointed to investigate the issue would hear of it. And when they did, they would bring the individual in question before Congress, and they would basically tear them apart. They would ask them about their lifestyles, their fellow employees, and their friends. And then they would determine if the individual in question were guilty or innocent. But it really made no difference if they were innocent or not. Once they were brought before Congress, their careers were basically ruined. Movie companies refused to hire them. They were afraid that the people would boycott any movies they made, if they hired â€Å"Communist sympathizers† (Matusow, 88). And when the accused did get jobs, the people did not want to go see â€Å"Dirty Communist bastards† (Fried, 67). All these actors and actresses worked for years to build their reputations, and now Senator McCarthy stepped on every single one of them. .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 , .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .postImageUrl , .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 , .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463:hover , .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463:visited , .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463:active { border:0!important; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463:active , .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463 .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5419add0c98d2261d2c1069263acd463:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How computers effect our usual life? EssayFinally, the way the trials were conducted has to be looked into. When all these prestigious actors and actresses were brought before Congress, they did not receive a fair trial. Some individuals were brought before Congress with absolutely no evidence against them. Congress overstepped its boundaries by placing people they knew had nothing to do with Communism on the stand. All that Congress wanted to do was look busy. So when they had no leads on anyone, they made them up. When a witness did not exist, one mysteriously appeared. They called some people simply to get them to mention other people. What was actually going on was a g iant loop. Nothing was getting done. All they were really doing was randomly picking people whose lives would be ruined. Most members of Congress knew it was a witch-hunt. That was when Arthur Miller came into the picture. Miller himself knew a lot of the people involved in the trials. He was once married to Marilyn Monroe, and he also directed a few notable films. Miller found a high level way of criticizing Congress. The Crucible was Miller’s depiction of what was going on in America at the time. Miller wrote a play in which the Salem witch trials of the 1600’s were brought to light. He directly compared the witch-hunts of the past, to the congressional proceedings of the present. It was a brilliant idea, until Congress called him in for questioning. During the trial, Miller made every attempt to criticize Congress and their handling of the proceedings. He was eventually jailed. Once again this is another example of how Joe McCarthy ruined the life of another innocen t person. McCarthy had the entire nation in an uproar and all he had to say about it was â€Å"Vote McCarthy† (Fried, 104). In summation, Joseph McCarthy ruined many lives and caused general panic in America. McCarthy was the type of person that would do whatever it took to get what he wanted. By all means he was an opportunist, and he just disregarded the aftermath of anything he did. The people who had their lives destroyed in this entire situation lost years of work, finances, family, and homes. Many night of sleep were lost over thatSingle blank piece of paper. Many careers were also lost over that same piece of paper. And in McCarthy’s mind, that piece of paper should have said â€Å"suckers†. Only since McCarthy played the entire country for fools. It is amazing how simple gossip can become so much more. In most ways this situation was identical to what happened in Salem. Congress conducted a modern day witch-hunt. The entire nation was left shocked and sc ared. They had more fears of an atomic bomb being dropped by the Soviet Union now then they ever had before. In some ways, a bomb was dropped. McCarthy basically dropped his own bomb on the country when he held up that piece of paper. Bibliography:

Research Ethics

Abstract This paper is bout business research ethics. Generally, when undertaking a business research, the researcher needs to understand that the exercise involves dealing with many other societal issues that can directly affect the final outcome of the research.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper explores in detail various aspects of research ethics in business. Even though personal values are an important consideration in ethical decision making, they are regarded by some scholars as just one of the components that guide the decisions, actions, and policies of organizations (Carrigan, 2005). It has been noted that the burden of ethical behavior relates to an organization’s values and traditions, not just to the individuals who make the decisions and execute them. Various business research ethical issues and how they affect the world of bu siness research are discussed. In some cases, suggestions are made on how to ensure that researchers emerge victorious despite the challenging social environment that they have to operate in. Introduction Ethics, be it in management practice, or in research, requires very strong leadership. To a large degree, ethical behavior within an organization is controlled by existing values and the culture. However, it is important to note that values and culture in an organization are just some of the components that affect the decision making process. Other components are existing competition and the operating environment, whether political or technological. As noted by John Maxwell, the level of a person’s effectiveness is, to a large extent, determined by his or her ability to lead others (Maxwell, 2007). This is an important characteristic in research and researchers must work hard to improve their leadership qualities in order to achieve a high level of effectiveness. A researche r with strong leadership skills exhibits a high level of influence and this leads to a greater impact.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ability to prioritize issues is a critical quality of any leader, manager, or researcher. According to Maxwell’s law of priorities, the fact that a researcher may be busy carrying on with his or her research does not necessarily imply that he or she is realizing the original objectives of the research. It is, therefore, extremely essential for the researcher to assess the weight of every research issue in order to determine how best to approach the whole research process without causing harm to any one (Maxwell, 2007). The Nature of Business and Management Research A misconception within the business world is that research, regardless of what it is about, is simply an academic activity meant to help the research receive hi s or her academic qualification. This, however, is not true. These circles also believe that researchers are not familiar with the managerial environment and the type of issues faced by managers in the business world (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2009). This situation is further exacerbated by the fact that most managers do not know how to use research findings and as such, they can not utilize the results and conclusions of research. However, there are similarities that cut across research for academic qualification and that for solving business related problems. The nature of the research is what will guide the planning process. Typically, business research plays two critical roles for businesses. First, it is part of the business intelligence feedback process. It, therefore, provides decision makers with data on the effectiveness of the current business strategies and provides insights for essential changes. These may be strategies for marketing, production, quality assurance, an d distribution (Carrigan, 2005). Secondly, business research is the principal instrument for exploring and pinpointing new opportunities in the market place such as identifying potential customers, forecasting the number of customers, and learning as much as possible their life styles, ages, genders, incomes, and professions. Research contributes to management activities through three distinct functional roles. Firstly, research has a descriptive function, which deals with the collection and presentation of data. Secondly, research has a diagnostic function which is about trying to explain the data with a view to finding specific solutions to particular business issues.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, determining the impact on sales when the sales strategy changes. Thirdly, research has a predictive function. In a continuously changing global business environment, the concern is how businesses can forecast future developments in order to take advantage of opportunities as they arise (Ferrell et al., 2009). Among other things, research facilitates effective management. In the business world, undertaking a research is a way clearing any doubts about the business operations. Based on research findings, an organization’s decision making process may be greatly enhanced and any decision arrived at will be backed by existing facts rather than assumptions. Ethical Issues in Business Research Generally, ethics is about how people relate with one another based on what is morally acceptable. It is different from law in that while under law, there is always punishment for wrong doing, this is not the case where issues are dealt with ethically. To a large extent, having a code of ethics in place is meant to protect all parties involved in a research project (Herbst Coldwell, 2004). Despite the fact that ethical consideration s are philosophical in nature, there is no common agreement among philosophers regarding such beliefs. However, there is a common trend among different societies seeking to determine their own norms in order to control how individuals behave towards one another. Generally, these norms are about suggesting what a member of a group should do under certain conditions (Herbst Coldwell, 2004). According to Bryman, Bell and Bryman (2007), the subject of ethics in business research spins around a number of issues that occur quite frequently in the process of carrying out a research project. First, there is need to determine whether any harm was caused to participants. Secondly, it is important to find out whether participants consented to working closely with the researcher in whichever way. Another critical thing for the researcher to concern himself or herself with is privacy. Intruding a participants’ private space is another thing that is ethically not acceptable by researchers . Finally, it is vital to check if there is any form of deception.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These four principles, nevertheless, overlap somewhat (Ferrell et al., 2009). As an example, one can not easily figure out how the concept of informed consent can be embedded into a research activity where a researcher conceals so much information from the participants in order to fool them into taking part in the research. Human Rights and Onuses of Parties There are three groups of people in any research process. These include the researcher, the user of the research results, and the respondent. Ordinarily, a number of ethical issues arise when members of these distinct groups interact with one another. Rights and Obligations of the Researcher Ordinarily, any business research should concern itself with providing scientific proof for any business phenomena being examined. The rights and obligations of the researcher include the following: Harm to Participants Any research that will eventually harm participants is dangerous and must be rejected by all means. According to Bryman et al. (2007), harm may happen in a number of ways. In some cases, the participants may suffer physical harm while in some the harm caused may ruin a respondent’s reputation or his or her self esteem. It is also possible that harm may affect one’s career development, ruining his or her opportunities to work in other places. Sadly, this may be accompanied with disgraceful acts. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to identify cases where harm may be caused to participants. However, a researcher must take all necessary precautions to ensure that the research being undertaken will not cause harm to the participants (Carrigan, 2005). Fairness The aim of the researcher should be to maintain high moral standards by ensuring that research data is objective and factual. Furthermore, it is completely unethical for a researcher to take a stand because of a desire to see the research turn out in a certain way. Distortion of Research Findings Ensuring that a research is carried out i n an honest manner is the responsibility of all parties involved in the research. Obviously, it is wrong for any one to interfere with the results of a research whether for personal or other reasons. In addition, it is ethically wrong for any researcher to blow up the outcome of a research by altering results. In other words, it is up to the research professional to ensure that clients as well as participants get results that are genuine and reliable. For example, a researcher must do everything within his or her powers to get questionnaires filled by participants rather than collecting only a few responses and completing the rest. The researcher should also be willing to explain any unexpected events that may have happened in the process of conducting the research. There is no doubt that the concealment of errors and variations from specific required procedures will lead to a misinterpretation of the results. Confidentiality Where it is the wish of participants to remain unidentifi ed, the researcher must do everything within his or her powers to make sure that this agreement is not broken. Vital information such as name and address of the respondent must be kept a secret and should never be made available to any one without the express authority of the respondent. Any private information gathered from a participant must never be left in the hands of any other person. Researchers must also ensure that the results of the result are true and not compromised to present a falsified outcome. This is part of what the user of the research results is entitled to and this right must never be interfered with. It is, therefore, in order for users of the research results to find out if issues of confidentiality were fully addressed by the researcher (Ferrell et al., 2009). Where a researcher fails to carefully address the participants’ concern of confidentiality, participants eventually develop a negative attitude about taking part in any research. Clearly, this wi ll poses a serious problem for any future research to be undertaken. The researcher’s reputation goes down and unfortunately, this behavior ends up affecting other innocent researchers (Bryman et al., 2007). Disclosure of Defective Information and/or Erroneous Conclusions Despite the fact that this does not amount to ethical dilemma, it is, nevertheless, a requirement that the researcher undertakes the research based on acceptable scientific standards. The problem arises when the final outcome of the research is not well aligned with the research data collected. The researcher must also not use his or her understanding of research methods and techniques to manipulate the results of the research or, to deliberately blind his or her audience (Herbst Coldwell, 2004). Stealing Ideas from other Research Proposals This may happen where a researcher submits his or her research proposal but this is later maliciously used by a client for other reasons and without the knowledge of the research professional. The end result of this is that someone else becomes the beneficiary and illegally uses the proposal to accomplish his or her agenda. Lack of Informed Consent Before a research can proceed, it is vital for the researcher to fully address the concern resulting from lack of informed consent. The bulk of the discussion tends to focus on what is commonly called disguised or covert observation. Under covert observation, a researcher secretly observes participants secretly (Bryman et al., 2007). In spite of the fact that covert research is unethical, it is also advantageous and may be used in some cases to evade serious problems. It is highly likely that participants in a research may fake their actions when being observed. Fear among respondents may also cause them to avoid researchers. Clearly, covert methods are not acceptable given that they violate the confidentiality of participants. This certainly goes against the desire to protect the privacy of research par ticipants (Bryman et al., 2007). Rights and Obligations of the User Similar to the researcher, the user of the research results takes responsibility for certain aspects of the research. Among the rights and obligations of the user are the following: Ethics between Buyer and Seller In some cases, a firm may act unfairly by buying a business research proposal and then proceeding to ask for competitive bidding from eligible firms in order to make the public believe that the selection process was duly followed. Unsuspecting bidders fall into this trap and innocently submit their bids. Asking for research proposals that will not be used like in this situation is totally against research ethics and must be condemned with the strongest terms possible. Relationship with Research Companies Considering that each research is a completely different task, research companies must take time to understand the requirements of the research at hand. Among other things, this is meant to ensure that pro per results are realized from every single research project. Certainly, each research will have its own unique problem statement, objectives, and research questions among others. An Open Relationship with Interested Parties All interested parties are expected to make use of the research outcomes in the correct way. It is wrong for any user to interpret the results in a manner that presents falsified results. Drawing conclusions that are not in line with what the research is expected to achieve is unethical and must not be encourage. Usually, this is done for selfish interests or for political reasons. Rights and Obligations of the Respondents Much like the other parties, respondents in a research also have a right to know what the research is all about. Reasons for carrying out the research must be made very clear to the respondents and nothing should be concealed. In addition, participants have a right to know how the issue of confidentiality and privacy will be handled during the research. The Obligation to be Honest Given that respondents play a big role in any research, it is essential for the researcher to encourage honesty. Both the researcher and the respondents must be honest with each other. While the researcher must ensure that nothing but the truth is exposed to the respondents, the respondents equally have a responsibility to remain honest and respond truthfully. Privacy Privacy is a major concern especially for respondents. While some respondents decide on remaining anonymous, others will choose to disclose personal details such as names and addresses among others. Very important is the fact that the researcher must make a covenant with the respondents not to disclose any confidential details to third parties. Any confidential information must be stored securely and only accessed by authorized personnel. Among other things, this principle is meant to encourage participants to freely participate in the research and cooperate fully. Where respondent s feel cheated and disrespected their level of participation will definitely be affected and the researcher may end up on the losing end. Concealment Researchers must be aware of the fact that hiding the truth from respondents in quite unethical. Concealing the truth is a clear indicator of the fact that the researcher is not being honest. It is common for researchers to hide the truth when the type of research being done is a sensitive one that could be scary for the respondent. Some people have, however, defended this behavior claiming that no harm is caused by concealing information from the participants. Regardless of the reason for the concealment, the practice is unethical and must not be encouraged for whatever reason. Closely related to this is the respondent’s right to be informed of everything about the research. Opponents of this notion always wonder whether a small deception leads to any substantial increment to the value of the research. According to (Herbst Col dwell, 2004), however, some degree of concealment is necessary in some research. An example is where undertaking a research carries some risk and the researcher has no option but to conduct the research covertly. According to Bryman et al. (2007), deception is used by some researchers to try and model the desired results. Apparently, deception may be allowed in some cases so as to ensure that the originality of the data is not lost. For those opposed to the idea of deception in research, there are two things to bear in mind. First and foremost, it is completely wrong to encourage deception in research. Despite the fact that scholars are fully aware of the existence of deception in research, the practice is totally unethical and the problem must be seriously dealt with in order to guarantee the usefulness of a research. Secondly, vested interest in research by professional researchers is also a major concern. The idea of researchers behaving like spies can really work against them an d make participants treat them with so much suspicion. Obviously, this will work against future research undertakings (Bryman et al., 2007). It is, however, important to note that when discussion this aspect of ethics, the biggest challenge has to do with the fact that deception is so rampant in business related research. In most instances, researchers will rarely provide research participants with the complete details about a research. To some scholars, researchers have to condone with this practice and seemingly, there is no way they can avoid it. To such researchers, therefore, the practice of deception is justifiable. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to know when to act covertly and when not to. Considering the negative impact of deception on research, it is critical for researchers to do every thing possible to minimize or even get rid of deception in research. No researcher should seek to glorify himself at the expense of fellow human beings. However, where a research may not succeed without deception, the onus is on the researcher to explain everything clearly to the respondents. Researchers and their assistants must understand that it all depends on them to use inquiry methods that appreciate and respect the social side of business research. Anything else done contrary to this is in bad light and must not be encouraged. Other Ethical Considerations Besides the ethical principles that have been discussed above, there are other vital ethical considerations that must be carefully examined when planning to carry out a business research (Dunfee Nagayasu, 1993). One of these concerns relates to the gathering, storing, and using electronic data. Questions often arise regarding the extent to which data previously collected for a research may be used in a current research with similar characteristics. However, considering that data privacy is well guarded by law, research professional have no choice but to comply with the requirements of the law. Legal advice may, therefore, be sought in order to determine how confidential data previously gathered from research participants may be used and to what degree. Another area of concern touches on being open and honest when presenting research outcomes to interested individuals or even organizations. To some extent, this is also closely linked to the ethical issues of informed consent as well as deception discussed earlier. It is important for the researchers to ensure that there is mutual benefit from research for the researcher and the participants (Dunfee Nagayasu, 1993). In a way this leads to reciprocity where the research ends up benefiting the researcher as well as his or her participants. Clearly, this is in line with the principle of giving back to the society which is a very important consideration especially because research work is here to stay if participants are not well taken care of, involving them in future research projects may prove to be very challenging (Bryman et a l., 2007). Others issues are related to affiliation and conflict of interest. Obviously, where a research has been sponsored by a funding organization, it is highly likely that the organization will influence the research results given that it has a vested interest in the research outcome. Clearly, the integrity of such a research is highly questionable and doubts associated with it may render the research outcomes unreliable. However, this problem may be lessened or fully addressed by involving an independent party in the verification of the research findings. The independent verifier may even be involved right from the planning stage of the research. Conclusion As discussed in this paper, there is so much that goes into planning for a business research activity. Clearly, a good understanding of ethical principles is necessary to ensure that research is done in a way that does not disrespect the wishes of all parties involved. It is, however, quite difficulty to distinguish between ethical and unethical research practices. Despite this difficulty, an honest research professional and one who is determined to do what is right can easily tell the difference between these two. Where rules have to be bent slightly, it is imperative to do so with so much caution so as not to harm anyone involved in the research. As explained earlier, there are instances this may apply such when a researcher has to carry out his or her research covertly. Although it may be challenging to guarantee honesty on the part of the respondents, researchers must everything possible to make sure that this happens. Apparently, enough literature exists to offer guidance to the researcher in this regard. With the advancement in technology and the increased use of the increased use of the Internet, numerous approaches may be used to gather data for research purposes. Unfortunately this presents a serious ethical concern. Most data is available through online databases and can be accessed by any o ne with or without permission. Luckily, such challenges resulting from the increased use of technology are negligible considering that computer experts who can effectively deal with issues of security and data privacy are today available almost everywhere. References Bryman, A., Bell, E., Bryman, A. (2007). Business Research Methods. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Carrigan, M. (2005). Ethics and International Marketing: Research Background and Challenges. Bingley, BD: Emerald Group Publishing. Dunfee, T.W., Nagayasu, Y. (1993). Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2009). Business Ethics 2009: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Herbst, F., Coldwell, D. (2004). Business Research. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta and Company Ltd. Maxwell, J.C. (2007). The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership; Follow them and People will Follow You. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. 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